Unit 3 – The Beauty of Indonesia

Warming Up

Compare these two texts about Kelimutu Lake!

Text A

Mount Kelimutu is a volcano located in Flores Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. The volcano has three lakes on its crates. The lake is known as Danau Tiga Warna because the lake has three different colours, red, blue, and white. The name Kelimutu is derived from the word “Keli” which means mountain and “Mutu” which means boiled. The lake was discovered in 1915 and has become National Nature Conservation Area since February 26, 1992. The lakes are 1.051.000 meter square wide with 1.292 millions meter cubic water volume.

Text B

See and feel the nature’s wonder in Flores Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Located in the crate of Mount Kelimutu, Kelimutu Lake has three craters. Each crater has different colour, red, blue, and white. Yet, the colours changes along the time. The locals believe that the colour of each crate carries meanings and has huge energy. Since its discovery in 1915, Kelimutu Lake has attracted the local and foreign tourists, nature lovers, and scientists by its uniqueness. Visit Kelimutu Lake and you will witness the beauty you will never experience in other places. Contact us in 555-000 for tour reservation!

Do you see the difference between Text A and B? Even though they both describe Kelimutu Lake, they have different purposes. Text A merely informs us about Kelimutu Lake and Text B invites us to visit Kelimutu Lake. Now, let us see another example of tourism advertisement!

Digging Deeper

Read this tourism advertisement about Bedugul Botanical Garden!

Bedugul Botanical Garden

What comes in your mind when you are thinking about Bali? Beach? So you definitely have to visit Bedugul Botanical Garden. Bedugul Botanical Garden or Kebun Raya Eka Karya is a huge tropical garden located in Bedugul, plateau area in Bali. It is situated in the cool atmosphere with rain forest and hill surrounds it. This botanical garden was first opened in 1959 and owns 154,5 ha land located Tabanan regency, northwest part of Bali. It is close to the beautiful lakes, Beratan Lake and Ulun Danu Temple. It is completed by more than 1187 plant types and various flowers.

Bedugul Botanical Garden has an orchid garden with the collection of 320 orchid types from Bali, Java, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi and also Papua. We can also see the rose garden with the collection of various rose from rust colored until green chromatic. Bedugul Botanical Garden is completed by 524 birches which are still in its original forest. The collections are from America, South America, China, Japan, Australia, Africa and Netherlands. The cactus collections consist of 104 types. The cactuses are imported from Africa, America, Germany, Switzerland, and also from some places in Indonesia.

Beside of the plant collections, Bedugul Botanical Garden offers the spacious landscape for outbound activities. The cool and peaceful atmosphere also gives you the chance to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Bedugul Botanical Garden is the perfect place for you and your family.

Experience the other side of Bali Island by joining our Bedugul Tour. Contact us at ww.balistarisland.com for more information.

Adapted from:

http://www.balistarisland.com/Bali-Interesting-Place/Bedugul-Garden-Yard.htm

Understanding Descriptive Text for Advertisement

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. The generic structure of descriptive texts consists of introduction, body, and conclusion.

The texts in warming up activity and the text about Bedugul are the examples of describing place text. However, because Text B and “Bedugul Botanical Garden” are tourism advertisement, they do not only describe the place but also explore the unique characteristics of the place to persuade people to visit that places.

Let us try to identify the generic structure of “Bedugul Botanical Garden”!

Bedugul Botanical Garden	TITLE
What comes in your mind when you are thinking about Bali? Beach? So you definitely have to visit Bedugul Botanical Garden. Bedugul Botanical Garden or Kebun Raya Eka Karya is a huge tropical garden located in Bedugul, plateau area in Bali. It is situated in the cool atmosphere with rain forest and hill surrounds it. This botanical garden was first opened in 1959 and owns 154,5 ha land located Tabanan regency, northwest part of Bali. It is close to the beautiful lakes, Beratan Lake and Ulun Danu Temple. It is completed by more than 1187 plant types and various flowers.	INTRODUCTION  General impression: Not a typical recreation place in Bali General description: definition, location, establishment date, area size, etc.
Bedugul Botanical Garden has an orchid garden with the collection of 320 orchid types from Bali, Java, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi and also Papua. We can also see the rose garden with the collection of various rose from rust colored until green chromatic. Bedugul Botanical Garden is completed by 524 birches which are still in its original forest. The collections are from America, South America, China, Japan, Australia, Africa and Netherlands. The cactus collections consist of 104 types. The cactuses are imported from Africa, America, Germany, Switzerland, and also from some places in Indonesia. Beside of the plant collections, Bedugul Botanical Garden offers the spacious landscape for outbound activities. The cool and peaceful atmosphere also gives you the chance to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Bedugul Botanical Garden is the perfect place for you and your family.	BODY: gives detail information  The collections: orchid garden, rose garden, birch collection, cactus collection The landscape: spacious, suitable for outbound, place to relax, beautiful scenery
Experience the other side of Bali Island by joining our Bedugul Tour. Contact us at http://www.balistarisland.com for more information.	CONCLUSION  Restatement: to persuade readers to visit the place Contact person

Language Feature

♣ Descriptive text uses present tense.

♣ Descriptive text uses mostly passive sentences.

♣ Descriptive text uses adjectives such as beautiful, peaceful, cool, etc.

Focusing on Grammar

Descriptive text such as “Bedugul Botanical Garden” uses present tense.

Examples:

♣ Bedugul Botanical Garden or Kebun Raya Eka Karya is a huge tropical garden located in Bedugul, plateau area in Bali.

♣ Bedugul Botanical Garden has an orchid garden with the collection of 320 orchid types.

♣ Bedugul Botanical Garden offers the spacious landscape for outbound activities.

Beside the present sentences, you can also find passive sentences in descriptive text. In the texts above, we could find these sentences:

♣ The lake was discovered in 1915.

♣ This botanical garden was first opened in 1959.

♣ Bedugul Botanical Garden is completed by more than 1187 plant types and various flowers.

These sentences are examples of passive sentences. In the passive, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.

Example:

♣ Active: Lio Van Such Telen discovered Kelimutu Lake in 1915.

♣ Passive: Kelimutu Lake was discovered by Lio Van Such Telen in 1915.

Tenses	Active	Passive
Simple Present	They imports flowers from Japan	The flowers are imported from Japan (by them)
Simple Past	They imported flowers from Japan	The flowers were imported from Japan (by them)

Usually, the passive is used without “by phrase” such as in “The lake was discovered in 1915.” The “by phrase” is included only if it is important to know who performs the action, such as in “Kelimutu Lake was discovered by Lio Van Such Telen.”

Mastering the Text

Kelimutu Lake in Flores Island and Bedugul Botanical Garden in Bali Island are only examples of thousands wonderful natural beauties that Indonesia has. Manado, North Sulawesi, also has its natural beauty which has already been well known around the world, Taman Nasional Bunaken or Bunaken National Marine Park.

Bunaken National Marine Park

Ever fancy yourself being a mermaid? Being able to swim along with other creatures of the sea , moving to the rhythm of the waves? In the Bunaken Marine Park, you will encounter a real “mermaid”, and you can also get a glimpse of sea life here.

Bunaken is an 8.08 km² island in the Bay of Manado, situated in the north of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bunaken forms part of the administrative city of Manado, capital of North Sulawesi. The Marine Park around Bunaken is part of the  National Park that also includes the ocean around the island of  Manado Tua – or Old Manado, Siladen and Mantehage.

Within the Bunaken Marine Park, visitors can see various strange and colourful marine life along its sea bed. To reach this park, you can take a motorboat. The journey from Manado takes around 40 minutes.  Entrance fee is 25,000 rupiahs per person per visit.

The translucent waters of the Bunaken seas enable people to clearly view numerous sea biotas. There are 13 species of coral reefs in this park, dominated by edge ridges and block ridges of rocks. The most attractive view is the steep vertical sloppy coral reef that plunges down as deep as 25-50 meters.

Feast your eyes on 91 types of fish found in the Bunaken National Park, amongst which are the locally known gusimi horse fish (Hippocampus), the white oci (Seriola rivoliana), yellow-tailed lolosi (Lutjanus kasmira), goropa (Ephinephelus spilotoceps and Pseudanthias hypselosoma), ila gasi (Scolopsis bilineatus) and others.

Divers may also meet mollusk like the giant kima (Tridacna gigas), goat head (Cassis cornuta), nautilus (Nautilus pompillius) and tunikates/ascidian.

For those who enjoy scuba diving, this is a great place to be. With about 20 diving spots to choose from, divers will have the chance to swim below the sea, and frolic joyfully while admiring the sea creatures.

Make sure to visit Bunaken during its best season between May to August. That way you can explore the Park to its fullest.

Taken from:

http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/33

Wrapping Up

Summary

♣ Descriptive text purposes to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. The generic structure of descriptive texts consists of introduction, body, and conclusion.

♣ Descriptive text uses simple present tense.

♣ Descriptive text uses adjectives such as beautiful, peaceful, cool, etc.

 

Click here to download the worksheet!

Unit 4 – How to Do It?

Warming Up

Hi all! How are you? Have you ever felt so hungry in the midnight and you’ve got nothing to eat? I have experienced it and what I did was I tried to make pancakes. Do you know pancakes? Pancake is very famous in the U.S. and you’ve got to try it! Watch the video to learn how to make one!

Digging Deeper

According to the video, complete the recipe! Write down the Ingredients, Equipments, and the Additional Ingredients. Also, arrange the steps into a sequenced recipe!

 

How to Make Perfect Pancakes

Ingredients        :

Equipments       :

( … ) Separate the eggs into the other two bowls. Whip the whites with a hand mixer until they form stiff peaks and set aside.

( … ) Heat your pan or griddle to about three hundred fifty degrees and lightly coat the surface with cooking spray or vegetable oil. Test the temperature by sprinkling a drop of water into the surface. If it is hot enough, the water will skitter and evaporate. Don’t use butter to grease your pan unless it’s clarified butter. Regular butter will burn.

( … ) Serve your pancakes with traditional size like butter and maple syrup. But don’t be afraid to experiment. Give whipped cream, jams or jellies, peanut butter, sliced fruit, and even melted chocolate a try.

( … ) Add milk into the egg yolks and beat them together with a mixer until they bubbled. Then, mix in the oil or butter.

( … ) When you’ve satisfied that you get the right temperature, use your one third cup measure to pour on as many helpings of batter you can comfortably fit on the griddle. There should be a bit of space between them so that they don’t overlap or touch when you flip them.

( … ) In one bowl; mix the dry ingredients thoroughly together with the whisk so they fully incorporated into each other. Break up any lumps. Diner pancakes are often made with malted milk powder instead of sugar. Using malt in your recipe will impart that pancake house flavor.

( … ) Pancakes should be served as soon as they cooked through. If you’re whipping up a big batch, don’t let your cooked cakes get cold while the new ones are just hitting the griddle. Instead, lay the pancakes on a cookie sheet. Make sure not to overlap or stack them and place them just in one until you ready to serve.

( … ) Add the dry ingredients to the egg yolk mixture and whisk them together very gently until they’re just incorporated. Don’t mix too much. Overwork batter results tough, dense pancakes. Fold in the eggs white into the additions and let the batter rest for fifteen to twenty minutes.

( … ) Try your temperature by making a trial pancake. Use your one third cup measure to gather a scoop of batter and pour down to your pan or griddle. When the edges are brown and bubbles appear on the top, flip the pancake and cook on the other side until it is golden brown. Resist the urge to press down on the pancake. It would not help cook any faster, and it will crush the light texture. To make blueberry pancakes, scatter a handful of frozen blueberries into the batter as soon as you poured them on the griddle.

Did you know? The origins of the pancake date back to the prehistoric times, when early cultures cooked their grain-and-water mixtures on hot rocks to make flatbreads.

Understanding Procedural Text (Recipe)

A recipe is an example of procedural text. It tells us how and what we need to do or make something. A procedural or instructional text mainly consists of three parts: goal, list of materials (which is not required for all procedural text), and the steps.

The goal is a sentence or an opening statement which states clearly the objective of the text. The materials needed to achieve the goal are listed in order of use. Not all procedural text has this part. The steps are the method of achieving the goal. The steps are chronological and are numbered or listed.

Example 1:

In Activity 1, the goal is to make a perfect pancake.

The materials are including the ingredients and equipments.

The steps are provided clearly from step 1 to 9.

Example 2:

How to Make Spaghetti Bolognese → The Goal: to make spaghetti Bolognese

Ingredients → The Materials

375 gm Spaghetti

410 gm Tomato

1 tbsp Olive oil

1 Medium brown onion, chopped finely

500 gm Minced beef

1 Clove garlic, crushed

1/2 Cup tomato paste

1/4 Cup beef stock

1/2 tsp Sugar

1/2 Cup dry red wine

2 tsp Fresh oregano

1 tbsp Fresh basil, finely shredded

How to make Spaghetti Bolognese → The Steps

1. Heat oil in a big saucepan and cook onion and garlic in it on medium heat till onion is soft, keep stirring.
2. Add beef to the pan, stir continuously on high flame till well browned.
3. Crush the tomatoes using potato masher.
4. Add tomato paste, wine, stock, sugar and crushed tomatoes and bring it to a boil.
5. Reduce the heat, covered and simmer for about 30 minutes till beef is tender and mixture thickened slightly.
6. Now stir through herbs.
7. Meanwhile, cook pasta in a big saucepan of boiling water, uncovered, till just tender, drain.
8. Now serve sauce over spaghetti.

Taken from:

http://www.indobase.com/recipes/details/spaghetti-bolognese.php

Language Feature of Procedural Text

♣ Procedural text uses connectives/linking words to do with time (first, after that, next, finally).

♣ Procedural text uses imperative verbs (cut, fold, mix)

Focusing on Grammar

Procedural or instructional texts, such as the pancake recipe and the procedure of making a mummy, use imperatives.

The Examples of Imperative Sentences:

• Separate the eggs.
• Heat your pan.
• Cover the body.
• Decorate the body.

An imperative sentence has an understood subject (you), and the verb is in the simple form. So, “Separate the eggs” means “You separate the eggs”

The Function of Imperative Sentences

• to give direction              : Turn right at the corner.
• to give an order               : Shut the door or Don’t open the window!
• to make polite request : Please shut the door, or Shut the door, please.

This is how you turn imperative sentences into polite request:

Example 1          : Open the window.

Responses          : Please open the window. Could you please open the window? Would you mind opening the window?

Example 2          : Give me a cup of coffee.

Responses          : May I have a cup of coffee? Could you get me a cup of coffee?

Mastering the Text

Below is a recipe of Onigiri. Onigiri is a Japanese rice ball. There are varieties of onigiris, as you can put any filling you wish. This is a recipe of a triangle onigiri.

Ingredients:

• Rice
• Filling (optional)
• Water
• Seaweed
• Optional: Vinegar, Sugar, Salt

Steps:

1. Cook the rice. Leave the rice in the pot for about 20 to 30 minutes before turning the rice cooker or pot on, so that the rice can become sticky.
2. Let the rice stand for a few minutes for it to cool down before proceeding. As you are waiting, make your fillings (if applicable as this is optional). Whip tuna and mayo in a bowl, cut vegetables, meat, etc to kill some time.
3. Place a cutting board or wax paper on the counter and wet your hands thoroughly. This is to keep the rice from sticking your hands (although some grains will still stick) and to keep your hands cool from the hot rice. Scoop some rice with a spoon or scooper.
4. Make a deep crater in the rice ball but don’t puncture it to the point that you fingers slip to the other side. This is where your filling is going to go, so just deep enough to place things in.
5. Insert your fillings into the hole. Make sure that you don’t overfill it! Fold some rice over the hole/crater so that all fillings are hidden. If you press to lightly, the rice will not stick together and will crumble as you eat it. If you press too hard, the rice will get mushy and soggy. To make a triangle, make an “L” shape with your hand and use that to shape your rice with.
6. Wrap nori (seaweed) around your onigiri. It’s up to the person if they wish to use a strip or wrap the whole rice ball in seaweed. The seaweed keeps your hands rice-free and keeps the rice ball in its shape.
7. Wrap your onigiri in plastic wrap or place it into your bento box. Enjoy!

Adapted from http://www.wikihow.com/make-onigiri

Wrapping Up

Summary

♣ Procedural text tells how and what we need to do or make something. A procedural or instructional text mainly consists of three parts: goal, list of materials (which is not required for all procedural text), and the steps.

♣ Procedural text uses imperative verbs (cut, fold, mix)

♣ Procedural text uses connectives/linking words to do with time (first, after that, next, finally).

♣ Imperatives are used to make orders, to give directions, or to make requests.

Click here to download the worksheet!

Unit 6 – My Travelling Experience

Warming Up

Have you ever gone travelling? Some people say that travelling is the most pleasing thing to do. Do you agree?

I am sure that we always love to share our travelling story to others. Just like the people who wrote on postcards to tell others about the places they visited. Take a look at the postcard and see what the people write on it?

Digging Deeper

Now I am going to tell you my travelling story. Enjoy my story!

The Island of Gods

Last August, I went to Bali Island with my family. I was so excited because it was my first time to visit Bali Island. We spent five days there. The first thing which came to my mind at the first time I arrived at Ngurah Rai Airport was beach. When I stepped out from the plane and breathed, I sniffed the smell of sea water. It made me more excited to start our trip in Bali.

My family and I visited many interesting places in Bali. We went to Tanah Lot, Uluwatu, Kuta Beach, and Tanjung Benoa. Even though there are so many beaches in Bali, I was not bored with them because each beach was unique. Tanah Lot is a rocky beach with wild waves. It has big caves and rocks surround the beach. Uluwatu lies on the top of cliff. From that place we could see the sea view which was the most gorgeous scenery I have ever seen. Kuta Beach is maybe the most famous beach in Bali. There were both local and foreign tourists surfing or just sun bathing. The best time to come to Kuta Beach is in the evening to see the sun set. It was so romantic. Tanjung Benoa is a very nice beach. The wind and waves were just right to do water sport. I did not want to miss this chance and tried to do parasailing. At first, I was so afraid because I would be flying high. It turned out that when I was ‘flying’, I enjoyed it very much. I could see the view of the city from the sky.

Beside the beaches, Bali Island is also famous for its culture. I could see it from the Balinese’s life. Along the road I saw that almost all buildings have small pura at the front side. Every morning, they always pray and put sajen, or offerings, at their pura, house, shop, or even in their car. I also saw the abundance of Balinese culture through the well known dances of Bali, Barong and Kecak. Barong Dance tells about a fight between good and evil, between Barong and Rangda. At the end, Barong won, and Rangda ran away. I was amazed by the female dancers. They were so beautiful and their movements were supple, yet energetic at the same time. In the evening, I watched Kecak Dance. The story in Kecak Dance is taken from Ramayana. I had the impression that Kecak Dance was mystical but also astonishing at the same time.

At the end of the trip, we went to Sukawati Market to buy souvenirs for ourselves and friends. You could find almost anything about Bali in Sukawati Market. I found a cute dress for myself, wooden craft statue, sandals, hair accessories, and paintings. What make this market special are the friendly sellers and friendly price. The goods are so cheap if you know how to bargain.

Finally, we have come to the end of my trip in Bali. I felt that time run so fast. I was so sad because I had to leave that beautiful place. In Bali, I did not only visit beautiful places but I also learned about its culture. I would always remember my beautiful trip in Bali and promised myself to go back there again another time.

Understanding Recount Text

The text about my travelling experience in Bali is an example of recount text. Recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience.

The Generic Structure

Recount text consists of three main parts: orientation, events, and conclusion. Now let us take a look at the passage “The Island of Gods” and analyze the generic structure.

The Island of Gods	Title
Last August, I went to Bali Island with my family. I was so excited because it was my first time to visit Bali Island. We spent five days there. The first thing which came to my mind at the first time I arrived at Ngurah Rai Airport was beach. When I stepped out from the plane and breathed, I sniffed the smell of sea water. It made me more excited to start our trip in Bali.	Orientation Introducing the participant, place, and time  Participants: I, my family Time: Last August Place: Bali Island
My family and I visited many interesting places in Bali. We went to Tanah Lot, Uluwatu, Kuta Beach, and Tanjung Benoa. Even though there are so many beaches in Bali, I was not bored with them because each beach was unique. Tanah Lot is a rocky beach with wild waves. It has big caves and rocks surround the beach. Uluwatu lies on the top of cliff. From that place we could see the sea view which was the most gorgeous scenery I have ever seen. Kuta Beach is maybe the most famous beach in Bali. There were both local and foreign tourists surfing or just sun bathing. The best time to come to Kuta Beach is in the evening to see the sun set. It was so romantic. Tanjung Benoa is a very nice beach. The wind and waves were just right to do water sport. I did not want to miss this chance and tried to do parasailing. At first, I was so afraid because I would be flying high. It turned out that when I was ‘flying’, I enjoyed it very much. I could see the view of the city from the sky. Beside the beaches, Bali Island is also famous for its culture. I could see it from the Balinese’s life. Along the road I saw that almost all buildings have small pura at the front side. Every morning, they always pray and put sajen, or offerings, at their pura, house, shop, or even in their car. I also saw the abundance of Balinese culture through the well known dances of Bali, Barong and Kecak. Barong Dance tells about a fight between good and evil, between Barong and Rangda.. At the end, Barong won, and Rangda ran away. I was amazed by the female dancers. They were so beautiful and their movements were supple, yet energetic at the same time. In the evening, I watched Kecak Dance. The story in Kecak Dance is taken from Ramayana. I had the impression that Kecak Dance was mystical but also astonishing at the same time. At the end of the trip, we went to Sukawati Market to buy souvenirs for ourselves and friends. You could find almost anything about Bali in Sukawati Market. I found a cute dress for myself, wooden craft statue, sandals, hair accessories, and paintings. What make this market special are the friendly sellers and friendly price. The goods are so cheap if you know how to bargain.	Events Describing series of events that happened in the past  Event 1: Visited Tanah Lot, Uluwatu, Kuta Beach, and Tanjung Benoa Event 2: Observed the Balinese culture through Balinese daily activities and watched Balinese dances. Event 3: Shopped in Sukawati Market
Finally, we have come to the end of my trip in Bali. I felt that time run so fast. I was so sad because I had to leave that beautiful place. In Bali, I did not only visit beautiful places but I also learned about its culture. I would always remember my beautiful trip in Bali and promised myself to go back there again another time.	Conclusion Ending the story or stating personal comment of the writer to the story

The Language Feature

♣ Recount text uses simple past tense because the text tells about past events.

♣ Recount text uses personal participant such as I, my family, my group, etc.

♣ The events in recount text are arranged chronologically using connection such as first of all, secondly, next, later on, finally, etc.

Focusing on Grammar

As it has been mentioned in the previous activities, the tense used in recount text is the past tense. Take a look at these sentences.

♣ Last August, I went to Bali Island with my family.

♣ I could see the view of the city from the sky.

♣ In the evening, I watched Kecak Dance.

The sentences above use the simple past tense. The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past. So, let us get to know the simple past tense better!

The Patterns of Simple Past Sentences

Sentences	Pattern	Example
Positive Sentence	S + V2 + O + Adv.	The baby cried.I did my homework last night. Susan bought apples yesterday.
	S + was/were + N/ Adj. / Adv.	He was a farmer.It was hot yesterday. They were in Spain.
Negative Sentence	S + DID NOT + V1 + O + Adv.	The baby did not cry.I did not do my homework last night. Susan did not buy apples yesterday.
	S + was/were + NOT + N/ Adj. / Adv.	He was not a farmer.It was not hot yesterday. They were not in Spain.
Interrogative Sentence	DID + S + V1 + O + Adv.?	Did the baby cry?Did you do your homework yesterday? Did Susan buy apples yesterday?
	Was/were + S + N/ Adj. / Adv. ?	Was he a farmer?Was it hot yesterday? Were they in Spain?

Note: Object or Adverb is optional

If a sentence contains when and has the simple past in both clauses, the action in the “when clause” happens first.

Example:

♣ I stood under a tree when it began to rain.

First: The rain began. Second: I stood under the tree.

♣ When she heard a strange noise, she got up to investigate.

First: She heard a strange noise. Second: She got up to investigate.

♣ When I dropped my cup, the coffee spilled on my lap.

First: I dropped my cup. Second: The coffee spilled on my lap.

Mastering the Text

Now that you have learned about recount text through “The Island of Gods” let us check your understanding through another recount text.

 

My Horrible Experience

Let me remind you my experience during an earthquake last week. When the earthquake happened, I was in my car. I was driving home from my vacation to Bali.

Suddenly, my car launched, to the left. I thought I got flat tired. I did not know that it was an earthquake. I knew it was an earthquake when I saw some telephones and electricity poles were falling down to the ground, like matchsticks.

Then I saw a lot of rocks tumbled across the road. I was trapped by the rock. Even I could not move my car at all. There were rocks everywhere. There was nothing I could do but I left the car and walked along the way to my house, in the town.

When I reached my town, I was so surprised that there was almost nothing left. The earthquake made a lot of damage to my town. Although nothing was left, I thanked God that nobody was seriously injured.

Taken from:

http://whywine.wordpress.com/2010/05/05/contoh-recount-text/

 

Wrapping Up

Summary

♣ The text “The Island of Gods” and “My Horrible Experience” are the examples of Recount Text. Recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience.

♣ The generic structure of a recount text consists of three main parts: orientation, events, and conclusion.

♣ Recount text uses simple past tense because the text tells about past events.

♣ Recount text uses personal participant such as I, my family, my group, etc.

♣ The events in recount text are arranged chronologically using connection such as first of all, secondly, next, later on, finally, etc.

Click here to download the worksheet!

Unit 7 – Tell Me a Story… (Part I)

Warming Up

From Sabang to Merauke, Indonesia is not only rich for its islands but also for the culture. And every region has its own story. The story is called FOLKTALE. Now, try to match the region to its folktale. Do you recognize all the stories?

A. West Java                        Manik Angkeran

B. Yogyakarta                     Buaya Ajaib

C. North Sumatera            Si Pitung

D. Papua                                Danau Lipan

E. East Borneo                    Roro Jonggrang

F. Toraja                                Sangkuriang

G. Bali                                     Raja Parakeet

H. South Borneo                Danau Toba

I. Aceh                                   La Dana dan Kerbaunya

J. Jakarta                              Puteri Junjung Buih

Digging Deeper

Read the story carefully!

The Legend of Prambanan Temple

Near Yogyakarta lies the most beautiful Hindu temple in Indonesia. The temple was built in the ninth century. Located in Prambanan Village, the temple is called Prambanan Temple. However, the temple is also known as Roro Jonggrang Temple. The name was taken from the legend of Roro Jonggrang and Bandung Bondowoso.

Long time ago, there was a king named Prabu Baka who ruled Prambanan. The king was a fierce and powerful giant. Unfortunately, he was defeated by King Pengging in a war. To gain his victory, King Pengging asked help to a very powerful man, Bondowoso, who was known as Bandung Bondowoso because he had a supernatural weapon, Bandung.

With the permission of King Pengging, Bandung Bondowoso lived in Prambanan Palace. In that palace, Bandung Bondowoso saw a very beautiful princess and fell in love with her. She was Princess Roro Jonggrang, the daughter of Prabu Baka. Bandung Bondowoso insisted to marry Roro Jonggrang.

Roro Jonggrang was afraid to refuse the proposal, yet she did not want to accept it. She decided to accept the proposal under one condition. The condition was Bandung Bondowoso should build her a thousand temples and two deep wells in one night. Bandung Bondowoso accepted the condition half-heartedly. He asked help to his father, who was also very powerful and had supernatural spirit army.

In the decided day, Bandung Bondowoso, his army, and the spirits started to build the temples. Their speed in building the temples and wells was beyond everyone’s imagination. After four in the morning, they only had five temples to be done. The wells also were almost done.

Knowing that Bandung Bondowoso would succeed, the people in Prambanan Palace panicked. They woke the girls and ordered them to pound rice and scattered fragrant flowers. The spirits heard the sound of mortar and smelled the flower fragrance. They thought it was noon already and stopped their work. It remained one temple to be done but without the help from the spirits Bandung Bondowoso would not be able to finish it.

Bandung Bondowoso was furious that he failed. He cursed all girls living in Prambanan, no one would ever propose them until they died. Roro Jonggrang herself was cursed into a statue. The statue lied in a big temple called Roro Jonggrang Temple. The surrounding temples were named Candi Sewu, which means a thousand of temples.

Adapted from:

http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/budaya_bangsa/Cerita_Rakyat/default.htm

Understanding Folktales

The story “The Legend of Prambanan Temple” is a folktale from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Folktale is a short narrative in prose, or unknown authorship, which has been transmitted orally. The term, however, is usually extended to include stories of a known author, which after they were printed, were adopted, and transmitted orally by the people. Folktale can be in a form of legend or myth.

Generic Structure

Because folktale is one type of narrative texts, the generic structure consists of orientation, complications, and resolutions. The orientation is the introduction or the opening of the story. In the complications, there are conflicts or problems arise. The resolution is the ending of the story.

The Legend of Prambanan Temple	Title
Near Yogyakarta lies the most beautiful Hindu temple in Indonesia. The temple was built in the ninth century. Located in Prambanan Village, the temple is called Prambanan Temple. However, the temple is also known as Roro Jonggrang Temple. The name was taken from the legend of Roro Jonggrang and Bandung Bondowoso.	Orientation   Location: Yogyakarta Characters: Roro Jonggrang, Bandung Bondowoso
Long time ago, there was a king named Prabu Baka who ruled Prambanan. The king was a fierce and powerful giant. Unfortunately, he was defeated by King Pengging in a war. To gain his victory, King Pengging asked help to a very powerful man, Bondowoso, who was known as Bandung Bondowoso because he had a supernatural weapon, Bandung.With the permission of King Pengging, Bandung Bondowoso lived in Prambanan Palace. In that palace, Bandung Bondowoso saw a very beautiful princess and fell in love with her. She was Princess Roro Jonggrang, the daughter of Prabu Baka. Bandung Bondowoso insisted to marry Roro Jonggrang.Roro Jonggrang was afraid to refuse the proposal, yet she did not want to accept it. She decided to accept the proposal if Bandung Bondowoso was able to fulfil the condition she gave. The condition was Bandung Bondowoso should build her a thousand temples and two deep wells in one night. Bandung Bondowoso accepted the condition half-heartedly. He asked help to his father, who was also very powerful and had supernatural spirit army.   In the decided day, Bandung Bondowoso, his army, and the spirits started to build the temples. Their speed in building the temples and wells was beyond everyone’s imagination. After four in the morning, they only had five temples to be done. The wells also were almost done. Knowing that Bandung Bondowoso would succeed, the people in Prambanan Palace panicked. They woke the girls and ordered them to pound rice and scattered fragrant flowers. The spirits heard the sound of mortar and smelled the flower fragrance. They thought it was noon already and stopped their work. It remained one temple to be done but without the help from the spirits Bandung Bondowoso would not be able to finish it.	Complications   1. King Pengging defeated Prabu Baka and became the king of Prambanan 2. Bandung Bondowoso fell in love with Roro Jonggrang and proposed her 3. Roro Jonggrang accept the proposal if Bandung Bondowoso was able to build one thousand temples and two wells in one night 4. With help from spirits, Bandung Bondowoso almost succeeded but the people in Prambanan Temple failed him.
Bandung Bondowoso was furious that he failed. He cursed all girls living in Prambanan, no one would ever propose them until they died. Roro Jonggrang herself was cursed into a statue. The statue lied in a big temple called Roro Jonggrang Temple. The temples surrounding was named Candi Sewu, which means a thousand of temples.	Resolution  Bandung Bondowoso cursed the girls and Roro Jonggrang.

Theme

Most folktales have the moral value from which we can learn something about life. In other words, the moral value is the theme of a folktale. Theme is the central, dominant, or underlying idea that ties the plot, conflict, characters, and setting together into a meaningful whole. The theme is also a statement that the author wants to convey about life or society.

A theme of a story should not be a summary of the story. It must be stated as a generalization about life. It does not mention the names of the characters or refer to precise places or events.

Example:

♣ The legend of Malin Kundang tells about a son who was ungrateful to his mother and so the mother cursed him into a stone. [FALSE]

♣ The legend of Malin Kundang suggests that how successful a person is, he/she should not forget where he/she came from. [TRUE]

Now, based on this explanation, what do you think is the theme of “The Legend of Prambanan Temple”?

Focusing on Grammar

In the previous unit, we have discussed about the simple past tense that we use in recount text. Similar to recount text, folktale also uses simple past tense because it happened in the past.

One characteristic that marks a verb as the past verb is the adding of “ed” in the end of the word. For example, the past form of “decide” is “decided.” However, do you realize that the past form of some verbs does not end with “ed”. For example, the past form of “go” is “went”, and the past form of “cut” is “cut”. It happens because verbs are classified into regular and irregular verbs. Let’s learn more about them!

English verbs have four principal parts; they are simple form, simple past, past participle, and present participle. Simple form is the form of verb that we use in simple present tense or we usually call it Verb 1 (V₁).  Simple past is the form of verb that we use in simple past tense or Verb 2 (V₂). Past participle is the form of verb that we use in perfect tenses and in passive sentences; we usually call it Verb 3 (V₃). Present participle is the form of verb that we use in continuous tenses; we usually call it Verb –ing (V _–ing).

The English verbs are categorized into regular and irregular verbs. The regular verbs have simple past and past participle forms which end in –ed.

Simple Form	Simple Past	Past Participle	Present Participle
hope	hoped	hoped	hoping
stop	stopped	stopped	stopping
study	studied	studied	Studying
start	started	started	starting

The simple past and past participle form of irregular verbs do not end in –ed.

Simple Form	Simple Past	Past Participle	Present Participle
break	broke	broken	breaking
come	came	come	coming
hit	hit	hit	hitting
swim	swam	swum	swimming

Mastering the Text

Previously we have learned one of Indonesian folktale. Now take a look at the story of “A Broken Promise”. It is a famous folktale from Japan.

A Broken Promise

Long, long ago, some children were playing at a seaside when they found a turtle. They began to bully the turtle. After a while, a young man came and said to them, “Stop it!” The children went away then.

“I really appreciate your kindness. I really would like to invite you to a wonderful palace now,” the turtle said. As soon as the young man got on the back of the turtle, he was taken to a secret palace in the sea. When he arrived at the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice place!”

The palace was very beautiful, and the king of the turtles gave a feast for him and he met many people. He had never seen such a good feast. He received a warm welcome there, and he was very satisfied with everything. He thought there was no other place nicer than that one. He said to the turtle, “Thank you, I am glad to have met you.”

When he left, the turtle said, “I am going to give you two boxes, but you can only open one of the boxes. You must not open both. Don’t forget!”

“Alright. I will open only one.” he promised. A large crowd of people said goodbye to him, and he went back to his land. After he got home, he opened the bigger of the two boxes. To his amazement, there was a great deal of gold in the box.

“Heavens!” he said loudly. He was rich now. He thought, “The other one must also be full of money.” He could not stand not opening the box, so he broke his promise and opened it.

As soon as he opened the box, he became an old man. His hair turned white and his face was full of wrinkles. His looked like an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. After that he regretted what he did. “Just because I broke the promise…” he said, but it was too late.

 

Wrapping Up

Summary

♣ Folktale is a short narrative in prose, or unknown authorship, which has been transmitted orally. Folktale can be in form of legend or myth.

♣ The generic structure consists of orientation, complications, and resolution.

♣ Folktale usually has a moral value or a theme. Theme is the central, dominant, or underlying idea that ties the plot, conflict, characters, and setting together into a meaningful whole.

 

Click here to download the worksheet!

Unit 7 – Tell Me a Story… (Part II)

Similar to previous meeting, in this meeting we are still discussing about folktales. However, we will know it deeper. Do you still remember that the famous folktale from Papua is “The Tale of Buaya Ajaib”?

Warming Up

Before you read the story, fill the blanks with the correct past form of the words in the bracket! Remember, there are regular and irregular verbs.

The Tale of Buaya Ajaib

Long time ago in the depth of jungle in Papua, there lived (live) a kind and generous man. His name _____________ (be) Towjatuwa. He _____________ (build) a house near a river, Tami River.

One day, he _____________(feel) so sad and gloomy. His wife _____________(be)  pregnant and it _____________(be) about time to give birth. However, Towjatuwa’s wife _____________(face) difficulties in the process. She _____________(need) a surgery. The midwife _____________(order) Towjatuwa to find a piece of sharp stone in Tami River for the surgery.

Towjatuwa _____________(be) busy searching the stone that he _____________ (not, hear) a strange sound around him. Calmly and silently, a very huge beast _____________ (swim) in the river. It _____________ (approach) Towjatuwa from the back. Suddenly, he _____________ (realize) that there _____________ (be) something behind him and _____________(turn) back. Seeing that a strange and scary creature _____________ (come) near him, he _____________ (be) shocked and _____________ (panic). He almost _____________ (faint). It _____________ (be) a very big crocodile. However, it _____________ (be) not an ordinary crocodile. It _____________ (size) about three times larger and it _____________ (have) Kasuari feathers on its back.

Towjatuwa _____________ (be) about to run when he _____________ (hear) the crocodile said, “Don’t be scared. I am here to help you. You have a pure heart.” The crocodile _____________ (talk) in a friendly but full of authority voice that Towjatuwa _____________ (feel) safe.

“What are you doing in this river, son?” _____________ (ask) the crocodile.

Towjatuwa _____________ (tell) the crocodile about his wife. The crocodile _____________ (listen) to Towjatuwa’s story carefully and it _____________ (understand). The crocodile _____________ (say), “There’s no need to worry about your wife. Tonight, I will come to your house and help your wife.”

That night, the crocodile _____________ (come) to Towjatuwa’s house and _____________ (help) his wife. Towjatuwa’s wife _____________ (give) birth safely to a baby boy. The baby’s name _____________ (be) Narrowra. The crocodile _____________ (say) that Narrowra _____________ (will) be a great hunter.

The crocodile _____________ (remind) Towjatuwa that he and his offspring must not hunt and eat crocodiles’ meat. Towjatuwa and his offspring _____________ (will) die if they _____________ (do) so. So, from that moment Towjatuwa _____________ (promise) to protect crocodiles and animals around Tami River.

Adapted from:

http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/budaya_bangsa/Cerita_Rakyat/default.htm

Digging Deeper

Read the story once again carefully!

Understanding Folktales

It has been discussed in the previous meeting that folktale is a short narrative in prose, or unknown authorship, which has been transmitted orally and folktale can be divided into legend and myth.

People often misuse the word “myth” and “legend”, yet they are different. A myth is a sacred narrative explaining how the world and humankind came to be in their present form. Myth is closely related to beliefs and religions. The main characters in myths are usually gods or supernatural beings. On the other hand, legend is a narrative which is considered true since it has the proof. The characters in a legend are usually human beings.

The table below shows the Indonesian myths and legends

Myths	Legends
Buaya Ajaib	Prambanan Temple
Cindelaras	Tangkuban Perahu (Sangkuriang)
Lutung Kasarung	Danau Toba
Ande-Ande Lumut	Batu Menangis (Malin Kundang)

Language Feature

♣ Folktales use direct and indirect sentences in showing the dialogues between characters.

Focusing on Grammar

Other than past tense, folktales and other forms of narrative also use a lot of direct and indirect sentences. They are used to show dialogues between characters. The examples below are taken from “The Tale of Buaya Ajaib.”

Direct Sentences

♥ The crocodile said, “Don’t be scared.”

♥ “What are you doing in this river, son?” asked the crocodile.

Indirect Sentence

♥ The crocodile said that Narrowra would be a great hunter.

♣ The easiest way to differ direct sentence from indirect sentence is by looking at the quotation marks (“ … “). Direct sentences always use the quotation marks since they show the dialog directly.

♣ Direct sentences can be reversed into indirect sentences and vice versa.

Changing Direct Sentence into Indirect Sentence

The crocodile said, “Don’t be scared.” → The crocodile said not to be scared.

“What are you doing in this river, son?” asked the crocodile. → The crocodile asked what the man is doing the river.

It is important to remember:

♣ The sentence becomes a statement. Therefore, as it is shown in the examples, the imperatives and interrogative sentences are turned into positive sentences.

♣ When turning a negative direct sentence (started with DON’T) into an indirect sentence, put the “NOT” in front of the verb.

♣ The tenses used depends on what tense is used in the original sentences. For example, the direct sentence uses past tense, so the indirect sentence should use past tense too.

Present Tense
Forms	Direct	Indirect
Positive	Towjatuwa begs, “Please help my wife, Crocodile!”	Towjatuwa begs the crocodile to help his wife.
	The crocodile promises, “I will come tonight.”	The crocodile promises to come tonight / The crocodile promises that it will come tonight.
Negative	The crocodile says, “Don’t be scared.”	The crocodile says not to be scared.
	Towjatuwa tells the crocodile, “I will not forget your kindness.”	Towjatuwa tells the crocodile that he will not forget its kindness.
Interrogative	Towjatuwa asks the crocodile, “Do you come to eat me?”	Towjatuwa asks if the crocodile comes to eat him.
	The crocodile asks Towjatuwa, “What is your problem?”	The crocodile asks Towjatuwa what his problem is.
Past Tense
Forms	Direct	Indirect
Positive	Towjatuwa begged, “Please help my wife, Crocodile!”	Towjatuwa begged the crocodile to help his wife.
	The crocodile promised, “I will come tonight.”	The crocodile promised to come tonight / The crocodile promised that it would come tonight.
Negative	The crocodile said, “Don’t be scared.”	The crocodile said not to be scared.
	Towjatuwa told the crocodile, “I will not forget your kindness.”	Towjatuwa told the crocodile that he would not forget its kindness.
Interrogative	Towjatuwa asked the crocodile, “Do you come to eat me?”	Towjatuwa asked if the crocodile came to eat him.
	The crocodile asked Towjatuwa, “What is your problem?”	The crocodile asked Towjatuwa what his problem was.

Mastering the Text

Read the following story about a mighty princess from Borneo!

 

The Origin of Danau Lipan

In Muara Kaman City, about 120 km from Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara in East Borneo, was a famous place called Danau Lipan. Even though it is called “danau” (lake), it is not a lake. Danau Lipan is a large field.

Long time ago, Muara Kaman City and the surrounding places are ocean. The coast is in Berebus, Muara Kaman Ulu Village, or known as Benua Lawas. There lies a kingdom which was well known as the place for trading.

The king has a beautiful daughter named Princess Aji Bedarah Putri. She was named so because when she chewed betel (sirih) leaves and swallowed them, people could see the red betel flowing through her throat. The story of Princess Aji Bedarah Putri was spread and heard until China. A king from China was curious about her and came to Muara Kaman, intended to propose the princess.

The princess did not directly accept the proposal. She firstly invited the king to a dinner. At the dinner, Princess Aji Bedarah Putri was feeling disgraced because the king ate like a dog. The princess was disgusted by the king’s act and refused the proposal.

The king was angry and sent his army to attack Muara Kaman Kingdom. The power of Muara Kaman’s army could not exceed their enemy’s power and one by one, the Muara Kaman’s army died. The princess was broken hearted seeing her people died. She prayed, “If I am really an incarnation of a god, may all the spits of the betel from my mouth become centipedes that will destroy all our enemies!”

Suddenly, thousands of centipedes appeared and attacked the enemy’s army. The king and his army tried to escape. They ran toward their ship but the centipedes ran after them and killed all of them. After all of the enemy died, the princess magically gone and the ocean dried. The place was later called Danau Lipan (centipede).

Adapted from:

http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/budaya_bangsa/Cerita_Rakyat/default.htm

Wrapping Up

Summary

♣ Myth is different from legend. A myth has gods or supernatural beings as the characters and is related to beliefs and religions. While a legend has humankinds as the characters and has the proof of the story, for example Mount Tangkuban Perahu as the proof of the legend of Sangkuriang.

♣ Other than past tense, folktales and other forms of narrative also use a lot of direct and indirect sentences. They are used to show dialogues between characters.

 

You can click here to download the worksheet.